A National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration-funded study found that the prolonged red tide event from October 2017 to January 2019 caused $2.7 billion in tourism losses across Florida’s Gulf Coast — nearly 10 times higher than earlier estimates. The 16-month bloom of Karenia brevis disrupted travel plans, reduced tourism spending and triggered respiratory issues, especially for vulnerable individuals. Southwest Florida alone accounted for $1.3 billion in losses. Businesses, such as hotels, restaurants and outdoor recreation, providers were hit hardest, the study shows. The study used monthly red tide data and tourism tax figures to quantify the financial toll.